Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokuthuthuka, imikhiqizo kagesi engaqhumi esetshenziswa imayini isiqhube inqubekelaphambili eminingi.Ubuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela kukagesi wezimayini zamalahle, uhlelo lokuqapha ukuphepha kwezimayini zamalahle kanye neminye imikhiqizo ezishintshayo isifinyelele ezingeni elithile.Ubuchwepheshe be-Mechatronics kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula isivinini sikagesi kusetshenziswe ezimayini zamalahle.Imishini yokuthutha engaphansi komhlaba, imishini yokuphakamisa kanye nemishini yokumba amalahle isiqalile ukusetshenziswa kakhulu.Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka yentuthuko, sekusungulwe uhlelo lokukhiqiza oluphelele uma kuqhathaniswa lwemikhiqizo kagesi engaqhumi, oluhlangabezana ngokuyisisekelo nezidingo zamanje zokuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zamalahle ezingaphansi komhlaba ukuze kutholakale ugesi nokusabalalisa ugesi, umshini ongaphansi komhlaba, nokulawula nokuvikela.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imikhiqizo kagesi evimbela ukuqhuma ezimayini iye yandiswa ngezitayela nezicaciso, njengeziqalisi ezithambile ezikwazi ukuqhuma eziphezulu neziphansi ezimayini, izinto zokulawula isivinini ezivimbela ukuqhuma ezimayini, izinto ezivikela ukuqhuma phezulu naphansi. ukushintshwa kokuhlanganiswa kwamandla kagesi ezimayini neminye imikhiqizo emisha yobuchwepheshe.Ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi ngaphansi komhlaba ezimayini zamalahle.Ngenxa yesidingo esiqhubekayo nesizinzile, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo kagesi yezimayini yezwe lami kuye kwakha imboni enkulu yokukhiqiza, futhi ukuncintisana kontanga kuye kwashuba kakhulu.Ukugwema kanjani ukuncintisana kwamanani, ukugwema ukukhiqizwa okuphindaphindwayo kwezinga eliphansi, nokuthuthukisa amabhizinisi ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe sekuyinkinga yawo wonke umkhiqizi nomsebenzi wezinto zikagesi ezimba izimayini.Uphi umzila wokuthuthukiswa ngempumelelo kwebhizinisi?Ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kuphela okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuwina imakethe ngokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, imikhiqizo kagesi yezimayini enenani eliphezulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, mayelana nezinzuzo zomphakathi, kuphela ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokumba amalahle, ukufakwa kukagesi kanye nezishintshayo lapho singakhuthaza ukusungulwa kwemayini yesimanje ephephe ngempela.
Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kuyisisekelo senkomba esibalulekile sokulinganisa ukuthi ibhizinisi lithuthukile yini, noma linokuncintisana kwemakethe, nokuthi lingaqhubeka yini nokuba ngaphambi kwezimbangi.Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemakethe yezimpahla zikagesi ezimayini yezwe lami, ukusetshenziswa kanye nocwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuyinhloko obuhlobene nakho kuzoba into egxile kakhulu emabhizinisini embonini.Ukuqonda amathrendi ocwaningo nentuthuko, imishini yokucubungula, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nezitayela zobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokukhiqizwa kwezinto zikagesi ezimayini yasekhaya neyangaphandle kubalulekile ezinkampanini ukuthi zithuthukise ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo futhi zithuthukise ukuncintisana kwezimakethe.Nakuba imikhiqizo emisha efana neziqalisi ezithambile zikagesi ophezulu naphansi, amaswishi enhlanganisela kagesi aphezulu naphansi, kanye namadivayisi okulawula isivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa isathuthukiswa njalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwale mikhiqizo kusangaphansi kwemikhawulo eminingi.Izingxenye eziningi ezibalulekile zemikhiqizo kagesi engaqhumi zisathembele kubuchwepheshe bangaphandle.Kusenegebe elikhulu phakathi kwezinga lokukhiqiza lalezi zingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nemikhiqizo efanayo yangaphandle.Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe ngokuvamile kuhamba ezigabeni ezintathu ukusuka ocwaningweni lokuqala nokuthuthuka kuye ekuvuthweni: isikhathi sokwethulwa, isikhathi sokukhula kanye nesikhathi sokuvuthwa.Ngesikhathi sokwethulwa, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kuhamba kancane, futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi eside ukubhoboza;isibonelo, cishe u-50% wesigaba sethu samanje sedivayisi yokulawula isivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa, cishe amaphesenti angama-50 ezinkampani ezivikela ukuqhuma kwezimayini zithenga ngokuqondile ukukhiqizwa komhlangano wangaphandle;Amaphesenti angu-40 ezinkampani asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe basekhaya ukuze amunce futhi abusebenzise, futhi cishe amaphesenti angu-10 kuphela amabhizinisi angathuthuka futhi akhiqize ngokuzimela.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ucwaningo mayelana nokusebenza kwe-EMC kwe-inverter lusesiteji sokuqala, kodwa lesi sigaba sisinika izinselele.Indlela yokunqoba umthelela we-harmonics we-inverter okukhiphayo ekunikezeni amandla kanye nemishini yokuqapha yegridi yamandla isibe yinhloso yezinkampani eziningi.Kuzophinde kube yisigaba esilandelayo semigomo yentuthuko.Lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kusesigabeni sokukhula, ubuchwepheshe bukhula ngokushesha, futhi ukusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe kuthuthukiswa ngokushesha;isibonelo, isigundi samanje sokuguqulwa kwe-frequency conversion traction, sisebenzisa izici zokulawula isivinini samandla esiguquguquka njalo kanye nokulawula okumaphakathi kwe-PLC, sisetshenziswa ngokwandayo ekusetshenzisweni komgundi ovuthiwe, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka komgundi, futhi ngokuyisisekelo emiselela i-shearer Mature. ubuchwepheshe be-hydraulic traction;esinye isibonelo iwinch ye-hydraulic, ehlanganisa ugesi, uwoyela, negesi.Ukusebenza kuyinkimbinkimbi, emuva, kunomsindo, nomsebenzi wokulungisa nawo mkhulu., Ngemva kokwamukela ubuchwepheshe be-converter frequency-proof converter, inqubo yokukhiqiza ishintshwe ngokuphelele, futhi iye yaqashelwa ngabasebenzisi bamabhizinisi amalahle.Uma ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kungena esikhathini esivuthiwe, ubuchwepheshe buyazinza, azikho izinguquko ezinkulu ezizokwenziwa, futhi inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe ibonakala ekuthuthukisweni okuyingxenye.Isibonelo, iswishi yamanje yenhlanganisela yamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi iseduze neleveli ekhona yangaphandle.Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi obufana ne-PLC, i-DSP, kanye ne-fieldbus kunikeza ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwe-switch yenhlanganisela, futhi amadivaysi okufaka amakhebula afanele afinyelele ngokuyisisekelo emkhiqizweni wasekhaya.Ukwakheka kweyunithi yeswishi ehlanganisiwe nakho kwenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu.Ngokuqaphela izinqubo ezintathu zokuthuthuka zokusungula izinto zobuchwepheshe singakwazi ukubeka ngokunembile imibono yokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yethu.
Izinkampani eziningi nazo ziyasibona isidingo sokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, kodwa ziyazabalaza ukuthola impumelelo.Ngokubuka isimo samanje somkhiqizo, iphi inhloso yethu yokusungula izinto zobuchwepheshe?Eqinisweni, iziqalisi zangaphambilini, amaswishi okuphakelayo, namabhokisi okulawula kagesi avikelwe ikakhulukazi amasekhethi ezingxenye ezihlukene, anobubi bezingxenye ezingaqinile kanye nokukhukhuleka okukhulu.Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-monolithic kumvikeli kuletha ukusebenza nokusebenza okulula.Izinzuzo zokuzinza;ukusetshenziswa okudidiyelwe kwesixhumi esibonakalayo somshini womuntu kwenza ukusebenza kucace, futhi umsebenzi wenkumbulo yephutha uhlinzeka ngesisekelo sezinkampani zemayini yamalahle ukuze zihlaziye izinkinga.Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe nakho kugxile ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kokusebenza komkhiqizo wawo.Isibonelo, i-GM series switch yenkampani yokuhlukanisa i-coal shearer isolation inesabelo semakethe esingaphezu kuka-90%, futhi ukusebenza kwayo okuzinzile kuye kwaqashelwa imboni efanayo;isiqalisi sokulawula izinga lamanzi senkampani esincanyana esingashi futhi esivikelekile ngokwangaphakathi siphumelele imboni Kanye nokuqashelwa kwabasebenzisi bamabhizinisi amalahle.Amacala amaningi aphumelele amabhizinisi afanele ukufundwa kwethu nokubhekisela kuwo.Amabhizinisi kufanele aguqule ukulandela kwawo ngokunganaki ithrendi futhi afune ukuphelela emikhiqizweni, acabangele kuphela ukufakwa, futhi ashaye indiva ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwezingcweti zawo.Ukusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye namalungelo empahla yobuhlakani ezimele ayisiqinisekiso sokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi ethu angaqhumi ezimayini.
Ukubamba inkambiso yentuthuko yemikhiqizo nakho kubamba imakethe.Ngokuhloswe ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo yezimayini, amaphuzu amathathu alandelayo abekwa phambili ngokwezinto zikagesi ezingaqhumi ezimayini:
Okokuqala, ucwaningo oluyisisekelo lokusebenza kwezinto zikagesi
izwe lami laqala ukusebenzisa amashubhu evacuum ekuqaleni kwawo-1980.Njengamanje, amaswishi evacuum angaqhumi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba.Ukusetshenziswa kwamashubhu evacuum kudlale indima enkulu ekunikezeni ugesi ophephile ezimayini zamalahle.Isibonelo, imikhiqizo ye-vacuum ye-vacuum electromagnetic starter evimbela ukuqhuma ezimayini inamandla okuphuka aqinile, afanele ukuqaliswa njalo kwamamotho angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokunakekelwa okuphansi;imayini imikhiqizo engaqhumi Isikhathi esigcwele sokuphuka sohlobo lwe-vacuum feed switch sincane, futhi ngokuhambisana nokuvikela ukuvuza okusheshayo, sithuthukisa ukuphepha kokulwa nokushaqeka kanye nokuqhuma okulwa negesi.Isidingo sama-vacuum contactors kanye nama-vacuum circuit breaker sikhulu kakhulu, kodwa ikhwalithi yamashubhu e-vacuum emakethe yamanje ayilingani.Izinqubo eziningi zokukhiqiza zisasekelwe ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 futhi zisezinkulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zangaphandle.igebe.Ekusetshenzisweni kwamashubhu e-vacuum, kukhona nomthelela wokusebenza kwe-overvoltage kanye nesiqinisekiso se-vacuum.Ukuncipha kwe-vacuum kungabangela kalula izingozi zokuvuza emthonjeni, kuthinte ukukhiqizwa kanye nezingozi.Ezinye izinkampani seziqalile ukuzinikela ocwaningweni lwemishini kagesi ye-vacuum tube, futhi Ucwaningo mayelana nokuvikela ukuvuza komoya selwenze inqubekelaphambili ekuvikelweni kokuvuza komoya kanye nezindlela zokuvikela ukunamathela kweshubhu ye-vacuum.Ikusasa leli
Nikeza isiqinisekiso sokusebenza ngokuphephile kwezinto zikagesi ezingaphansi komhlaba.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi kagesi ukufaka amashubhu e-vacuum ukubona ukuqala nokumisa ukulawula kwemoto kuzoba inkomba yentuthuko.Isetshenziswe ekulawuleni ukuvikelwa okuphelele kokuzibhoboza kukagesi wamalahle, njengokuvala shaqa okungaxhunywanga kwama-thyristors.Lawula, khulisa impilo yesevisi, iphephile futhi inokwethenjelwa.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-SCR yamandla aphezulu kusiqalisi nakho kushintshile ukusebenza komqalisi wendabuko.Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zikagesi ezisebenza ngogesi kunikeza amandla amasha ekusebenzeni nasekuthembekeni kwemikhiqizo kagesi engaqhumi, kuphinde ilethe izindaba ezintsha kuzidingo zobuchwepheshe zokuvikela ukuqhuma nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo.
Okwesibili, ucwaningo olukhethiwe lokuvuza lokushintshwa kokuphakelayo kwe-voltage ephansi
Ukuvikelwa kokuvuza kungenye yezindlela ezintathu ezinkulu zokuvikela izinto zikagesi ezingaphansi komhlaba ezimayini zamalahle, futhi ukwethembeka kokuvikelwa kwakho kuthinta ukukhiqizwa kokuphepha kwemayini yamalahle.Isimiso samanje esikhethiwe sokuvikela ukuvuza kweswishi ye-voltage ephansi yesiphakeli sisasekelwe kumodi yokuvikela yamandla kagesi alandelanayo kanye ne-zero-sequence current;ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DC yangaphandle isetshenziselwa ukuqapha ngokuqhubekayo ukufakwa kwenethiwekhi yokuphakela amandla.Ngenxa yokwelulwa kwenethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezivikelekile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi njengama-converter ama-frequency, inethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamandla angaphansi komhlaba iyinkimbinkimbi.Kunezici eziningi ezilahlekile ekuvikelweni kokuvuza okukhethiwe kanye nokungaqiniseki kwamandla asabalalisiwe.Izidingo zokuvikela ukuvuza ziyabekwa phambili.Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokutholwa kwedijithali, indlela yokuhlaziya isimo sekhono esabalalisiwe emthonjeni, ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhetha okuqondile nokunqamula igatsha elinephutha ngaphandle kokuthinta amanye amagatsha asebenzayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ugesi othembekile nophephile ongaphansi komhlaba ubuye ube musha. isihloko esidinga ukufundwa ngokushesha.
Okwesithathu, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yezimayini ye-AC inverter
Ngenxa yenqubekelaphambili nentuthuko eqhubekayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zikagesi ezinamandla amakhulu ezimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba kuthuthuke ngokushesha.Phakathi kwazo, idivayisi yokulawula isivinini esishintshashintshayo se-AC inezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle kakhulu, izinga lokuhluleka eliphansi, nokusebenza okuhle kokulawula, okungathuthukisa kakhulu inqubo yokukhiqiza.Ngokunaka kwemboni yokukhiqiza amalahle, idivayisi yokulawula isivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa yezimayini isetshenziswa kakhulukazi ukulawula isivinini esingaba ngu-100kW, njengezingxenye zokudonsa ze-electromechanical zezimayini.Ngokuvamile, isiteji sangaphambili sine-transformer ekhethekile yokuhlinzeka ngamandla, enomthelela omncane kugridi yamandla.Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulela imvamisa buqhubeka nokuvuthwa, selokhu kwasetshenziswa ngempumelelo abagunda ugesi ngeminyaka yawo-1980s, imishini yokukhiqiza imayini yamalahle efana nama-ventilators, amawintshi, ama-hoist, ama-air compressor kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza zemishini seziqalile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula isivinini sokuguqula isivinini. .Akugcini nje ngokushintsha inqubo yokukhiqiza yendabuko, kodwa futhi ikakhulukazi ehlanganiswe nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokonga amandla.Isibonelo, umlandeli omkhulu wemayini ukhethwa ngokuya ngenani eliphezulu lezidingo zevolumu yomoya wempilo yesevisi yokukhiqiza yemayini.Kusukela ekwakhiweni kwe-shaft ekukhiqizeni kuze kube yilapho imayini ichithwa, umthamo womoya odingekayo enkathini ngayinye uhlukile, futhi umehluko mkhulu kakhulu.Ukusetshenziswa kokulungiswa komshini wevolumu yomoya kubangela ukuchithwa okuningi kukagesi.Abalandeli bonga amandla ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula ama-frequency.Esinye isibonelo ukuthi abalandeli bendawo ebusweni bezimayini bafakwe ezindaweni eziningi futhi bagijima isikhathi eside, okuwumthengi omkhulu wamandla.Ngenxa yokwanda okuqhubekayo kwezimayini zamalahle, umthamo womoya odingekayo isikhathi eside ungaphansi kakhulu kunowokungenisa umoya.Umthamo wokuphakelwa komoya womshini, uma kubhekwa isimo samanje salolu hlobo lwetroli elikhulu elidonswa ngamahhashi, umphumela wokonga amandla wokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula isivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa nakho kusobala kakhulu.Ngenxa yokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwesiguquli semvamisa nokusebenza okuhle kokulawula isivinini, singasebenzisa ukubhuleka kukagesi kanye nokulawula isivinini esingenasinyathelo ukuze wonge amandla.Kuwumkhuba ongenakugwenywa ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa kabanzi ezimayini zamalahle.Kodwa okwamanje, akukho ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo noma ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola obungakwazi ukuhambisana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza.
Ngokuvumelana nesipiliyoni sohlelo lokusebenza lwedivayisi yokulawula isivinini sokuguqula imvamisa, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe kahle idivayisi yokulawula isivinini sokuguqula imvamisa, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla, i-frequency converter motor, nemishini yokukhiqiza kumele kuhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza njenge uhlelo lokufunda, futhi izinyathelo zokucindezela ezifanele zizothathwa kuma-harmonics wegridi yamandla.Ukuze uvumelane nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa yezimayini zamalahle, cwaninga ukusebenza kwemishini yokuguqula imvamisa yamandla aphezulu ezimayini, ucwaningo lwe-EMC ye-frequency converter kanye nomthelela wezinyathelo zokucindezelwa kwamagagasi nezinye izindaba zobuchwepheshe, futhi unikeze intuthuko ethuthukisiwe. ubuchwepheshe bomkhakha wocwaningo lwesayensi, ukuklama kanye nokukhiqizwa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi yezimayini.Inkundla yokuhlola isiseduze.
Ukwenziwa kanjani ukutholwa kwe-EMC ukuze isiguquli semvamisa yezimayini sisetshenziswe emayini yamalahle “eluhlaza” futhi sinciphise ukulimala kokukhiqizwa kwemayini yamalahle sekuyisihloko esibalulekile somnyango wokutholwa esigabeni esilandelayo.
izwe lami lingumkhiqizi wamalahle omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, futhi amalahle angumthombo wamandla omkhulu wezwe lami.Ngokuhloswe ekuthuthukisweni kwamaphuzu amathathu angenhla, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yezimayini zamalahle kanye nokufakwa kukagesi ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimayini zamalahle.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusungula nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe bebhizinisi, inhlangano yethu yokuhlola izoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amakhono ayo futhi inikeze izindlela zokuhlola ezithuthukile nezindlela zokuhlola.Ukusabela ezidingweni zentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuhlola Ukuphepha Kwezinsimbi zase-Shanghai siphinde sathuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo amakhono namazinga aso okuhlola.Isibonelo, ithangi elikhulu lokuhlola elingaqhume elingu-3.4m lifakiwe kuphrojekthi ehleliwe ukuze livumelane nokuhlolwa kwezinto zikagesi zezimayini ezinkulu.Isidingo: Amandla okuhlola ama-inverter angaqhumisi imayini azokhushulelwa ezingeni lika-1000kW ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuhlola zamamotor angumthamo omkhulu wamandla kagesi kanye nama-inverter anamandla kagesi.Umnyango wethu wokuhlola uzosebenzisa ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlola okuthuthukisiwe njengendlela yokuqinisa ukuhwebelana nokubambisana namabhizinisi, futhi unikeze ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe emasu obuchwepheshe nokulawulwa kokuphepha kwemikhiqizo kagesi engaqhumi ezimayini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-14-2021